What is the purpose of soil testing before planting?

• A. To measure rainfall
• B. To identify weed species
• C. To determine soil texture
• D. To determine nutrient levels, pH, and soil conditions to guide fertilization and amendments

Answer: (D)

Soil testing before planting focuses on understanding what nutrients are available in the soil and what adjustments the soil needs to support healthy plant growth. A soil test reports major nutrients (like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), sometimes micronutrients, the soil pH, and other factors such as organic matter, salinity, and drainage. With this information, you can choose the right fertilizers and lime or sulfur to bring nutrient levels and pH to the target range for your crop, apply the correct amounts at the right times, and improve overall soil conditions. This approach helps prevent nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, saves money by avoiding over- or under-fertilizing, and reduces environmental risks from runoff. Other items mentioned, like measuring rainfall or identifying weeds, address different aspects of farming, and soil texture is typically determined through separate tests or methods.